Research on Pakistan's macroeconomy, fiscal and monetary policy, taxation, debt, inflation, trade and employment.
An ARS Data Brief on the Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2024–25. Adjusted for inflation, average household income in Pakistan fell by about 12% between 2018–19 and 2024–25, the poorest fifth lost about 20%, and per person consumption fell for 13 of 14 staple foods.
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Can Pakistan become a China+1 manufacturing base? Once energy, logistics and regulation are weighed, the case holds for import substitution, not exports.
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Why Pakistan still lacks a credible international arbitration seat, and what can be drawn from Astana's rise as a regional dispute resolution hub.
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How far Pakistan's CPEC Special Economic Zones have actually come — their development, institutional framework, investment environment and strategic potential.
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The mechanics of RMB based settlement, and how far greater use of China's currency could realistically support Pakistan's trade and investment.
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