Ardent Research Solutions
Research • Analysis • Strategic Insights

Data Briefs

Ardent Research Solutions produces concise, evidence based data briefs presenting key findings, trends and indicators on important political, economic, social, strategic and technological issues.

Featured Data Briefs

Health • Industry • Medicine Prices

Pharmacoeconomics: Who Paid for Pakistan’s Medicine Deregulation?

In February 2024 Pakistan ended price control on medicines outside its essential list. Medicine prices rose by about a third, pharmacy sales grew mainly because prices rose, and the gross margin of listed manufacturers climbed from 26% to 41% of sales. Patients, who pay for most medicines out of their own pockets, bore the cost. By Reza Khan.

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Society • Economy • Household Welfare

Twice the Rupees, Less on the Plate: Household Living Standards in HIES 2024–25

Household incomes in Pakistan nearly doubled in rupees between 2018–19 and 2024–25, but prices rose faster. Adjusted for inflation, the latest household survey shows real income falling by about 12%, the poorest fifth losing about a fifth of its income, and people eating less of almost every staple food. By Reza Khan.

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